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Landers
The vehicles that put cargo and crew on the surface - commercial cargo landers and human landing systems.
Cargo The Arch Mission Foundation flew a Lunar Library archive as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 Terrain Relative Navigation is Astrobotic's camera-based landing sensor, built in-house. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 Bitcoin Magazine's Genesis Plate flew as cultural cargo on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 Celestis flew a memorial service, Luna-02, as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 COLMENA is five picorovers from Mexico's AEM and UNAM LINX, flown on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 MoonBox is Astrobotic's commercial service for flying small personal items and time capsules as cargo. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 Lunar Mission One's Footsteps on the Moon flew as cultural cargo on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 Iris is a Carnegie Mellon student micro-rover that flew on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 A laser retroreflector array from NASA Goddard. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 LETS is a NASA Johnson radiation sensor flown on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 BitMEX flew a Lunar Bitcoin cultural payload as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 Astroscale's Lunar Dream Capsule is a memento capsule flown as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 M-42 is a German DLR radiation detector that flew as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 Elysium Space flew a memorial service as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 Puli Space flew a Memory of Mankind ceramic archive as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 MoonArk is a designed cultural object from Carnegie Mellon, flown as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 NIRVSS is a NASA Ames infrared spectrometer flown on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 NSS is a NASA Ames neutron detector flown on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 PITMS is an ion-trap mass spectrometer from NASA Goddard, ESA, and the Open University. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 Spacebit flew a small technology demonstration as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 NASA GRC RFMG cryogenic propellant mass-gauge tech demo on IM-1 Nova-C tanks. · IM-1 Odysseus · 2024-02-15 Qascom built the GNSS receiver hardware for LuGRE, which flew on Blue Ghost Mission 1. · Blue Ghost Mission 1 · 2025-01-15 Honeybee mechanism path for LISTER heat-flow probe. · Blue Ghost Mission 1 · 2025-01-15 Honeybee pneumatic regolith collector on Blue Ghost M1. · Blue Ghost Mission 1 · 2025-01-15 NGC Aerospace (Canada) global lunar optical navigation demonstration payload on Blue Ghost Mission 1. · Blue Ghost Mission 1 · 2025-01-15 Redwire cameras and vision navigation flew on Blue Ghost Mission 1. · Blue Ghost Mission 1 · 2025-01-15 NASA LaRC enhanced SCALPSS camera suite for PSI topography on Blue Ghost M1 descent. · Blue Ghost Mission 1 · 2025-01-15 NASA JSC LDES on IM-3 Trinity - dust accumulation on lander/surface systems at Reiner Gamma (second public LDES flight after Griffin). · IM-3 Trinity · NET H2 2026 In-house LunaRay renderer + terrain-relative navigation / hazard-detection software-hardware stack for Griffin south-pole precision landing. · Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) · NET late 2026 Mission Control Space Services BEACON autonomy stack with Astrobotic CubeRover 2U-class mobility on Griffin-1 VIPER-class path. · Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) · NET late 2026 Venturi built a battery enclosure for the FLIP rover on Griffin-1, sized to survive the lunar night. · Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) · NET late 2026 NanoFiche's Galactic Library is archival media booked as commercial cargo on Griffin-1. · Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) · NET late 2026 ESA LandCam-X lunar landing camera tech demo on Griffin-1 path (OIP Sensor Systems / lunar surface sensor class). · Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) · NET late 2026 A NASA Goddard laser retroreflector booked on Blue Moon MK1, so orbiters can range the lander at the south pole. · Blue Moon MK1 Endurance (Moon Base I) · NET fall 2026 Two NASA Goddard laser retroreflector arrays on Griffin-1 - precise surface fiducials for tracking and navigation. · Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) · NET late 2026 NASA JSC dust-accumulation sensor on Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) - how lunar dust piles on spacecraft and surface systems. · Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) · NET late 2026 NASA Marshall laser mapping demo on Griffin-1 - 3D terrain maps of the south-pole landing site (time-of-flight lidar). · Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) · NET late 2026 NASA Ames METAL (with Interlune) on Griffin-1 - study helium-3 abundance in lunar regolith. · Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) · NET late 2026 Moon Pi is a compute payload from Stand Up Maths / Matt Parker, booked as cargo on Griffin-1. · Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) · NET late 2026 Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) · NET late 2026Soratan is a Nippon Travel Agency time capsule booked as cargo on Griffin-1. · Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) · NET late 2026 Elytra Dark is Firefly's orbital tug on Blue Ghost Mission 2. · Blue Ghost Mission 2 · NET 2027 NASA JPL's User Terminal is an S-band radio on Blue Ghost Mission 2. · Blue Ghost Mission 2 · NET 2027 Lunar Outpost Pegasus crewed LTV (Eagle-derived) under NASA LTVS Phase 1 High Achievability Mission award (~$220M class). · CX-2 Lunar Terrain Vehicle Delivery · NET late 2020s (schedule TBD) LuSEE-Night is a low-frequency radio astronomy instrument from Brookhaven, LBNL, and UC Berkeley. · Blue Ghost Mission 2 · NET 2027 Rashid 2 is the UAE's second lunar rover, built by MBRSC. · Blue Ghost Mission 2 · NET 2027 Fleet Space Technologies SPIDER geophysics/seismic instrument commercial rideshare on Blue Ghost Mission 2 far side. · Blue Ghost Mission 2 · NET 2027 Volta Space Technologies LightPort wireless power receiver on Blue Ghost M2 far-side top deck. · Blue Ghost Mission 2 · NET 2027 Blue Moon Mark 2 is NASA's second human landing system, awarded to Blue Origin. · Artemis III · NET 2027 SpaceX Starship is NASA's contracted human landing system and a heavy cargo lander class. · Artemis III · NET 2027 Planetary Science Institute Heimdall four-camera system (descent, workspace, regolith, panoramic) on Blue Ghost M3 / CP-21. · Blue Ghost Mission 3 · NET ~2028 Firefly contracted Honeybee Robotics (Blue Origin) for a lunar rover on Blue Ghost Mission 3 Gruithuisen Domes path (public 2025 announcement). · Blue Ghost Mission 3 · NET ~2028 Passive laser ranging fiducial for precise orbit determination and future navigation/landing relative positioning. · Peregrine Mission 2 (Moon Base CS-8) · NET ~2028 (CS-8 Moon Base) Passive laser ranging fiducial for precise orbit determination and future navigation/landing relative positioning. · Peregrine Mission 3 (Moon Base CS-8) · NET ~2028-2029 (CS-8 Moon Base) Measure charged-particle radiation (linear energy transfer) at the surface to characterize the lunar radiation environment for crew and electronics. · Peregrine Mission 2 (Moon Base CS-8) · NET ~2028 (CS-8 Moon Base) Measure charged-particle radiation (linear energy transfer) at the surface to characterize the lunar radiation environment for crew and electronics. · Peregrine Mission 3 (Moon Base CS-8) · NET ~2028-2029 (CS-8 Moon Base) Neutron Measurements at the Lunar Surface (NMLS) thermal/epithermal neutron monitor on Blue Ghost M3 / CP-21 for surface context and remote-sensing calibration. · Blue Ghost Mission 3 · NET ~2028 Photovoltaic Investigation on the Lunar Surface (PILS) multi-technology solar array experiment on Blue Ghost M3 / CP-21 for lunar-environment solar performance. · Blue Ghost Mission 3 · NET ~2028 Radio wave Observations at the Lunar Surface of the photoElectron Sheath (ROLSES) low-frequency radio spectrometer on Blue Ghost M3 / CP-21 (heritage. · Blue Ghost Mission 3 · NET ~2028 Sample Acquisition, Morphology Filtering, and Probing of Lunar Regolith (SAMPLR) - Maxar Technologies robotic arm / sieve-scoop / penetrometer on Blue Ghost M3. · Blue Ghost Mission 3 · NET ~2028 SpaceX Starship is NASA's contracted human landing system and a heavy cargo lander class. · Starship Lunar Cargo (HLS path) · NET late 2020s-2030s (HLS path) Stereo imaging of engine plume interaction with regolith during descent/landing to improve models for multi-lander operations and landing pads. · Peregrine Mission 2 (Moon Base CS-8) · NET ~2028 (CS-8 Moon Base) Stereo imaging of engine plume interaction with regolith during descent/landing to improve models for multi-lander operations and landing pads. · Peregrine Mission 3 (Moon Base CS-8) · NET ~2028-2029 (CS-8 Moon Base) SpaceX Starship is NASA's contracted human landing system and a heavy cargo lander class. · Artemis IV · NET 2028 Firefly Elytra Dark transfers Blue Ghost M4 to lunar orbit and remains as long-haul comms relay. · Blue Ghost Mission 4 · NET ~2029 Blue Origin Blue Moon MK2 is NASA's HLS for Artemis V: docks to Gateway, carries crew to the lunar south pole and back. · Artemis V · NET ~2030 class Reusable in-space tug/refueler for Blue Moon MK2: Lockheed tug + tanker launch on New Glenn, assemble in LEO, haul cryogens to NRHO and refuel the lander. · Artemis V · NET ~2030 class NASA assigned Blue Origin a lunar surface habitat delivery no earlier than fiscal year 2033 on a cargo variant of its human landing system. Jobs SpaceIL Beresheet private lunar lander (with Israel Aerospace Industries) - hard landing April 2019. Kennedy Space Center / Cape Canaveral Falcon 9 (and Falcon Heavy path) operations that launched or will launch CLPS and private lunar landers (IM, Firefly. China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) designed/developed Chang'e-5 four-module stack (orbiter/service module, lander, ascender, returner) for CNSA lunar. CNSA/CAST Chang'e-5 lunar sample return stack - lander, ascender, orbiter, return capsule (~1.7 kg samples). Rubbercraft makes EPDM diaphragms for hydrazine tanks. Rubbercraft is named on NASA Deep Space Exploration Systems work for Orion, SLS, and ground systems. ispace Series 1 lunar lander OEM delivery for Hakuto-R Mission 1 commercial lunar program. ISRO Chandrayaan-3 Vikram soft lander delivery to lunar south polar region (successful 2023). Roscosmos Luna-25 (Luna-Glob) south polar lander - failed during pre-landing orbit lowering Aug 2023. NPO Lavochkin designed and built the Luna-25 (Luna-Glob) polar lander for Roscosmos. JAXA Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) precision landing tech demo - partial surface ops after tip-over. Airbus designed, built, and qualified Peregrine landing system/legs for Astrobotic Mission One. The Arch Mission Foundation flew a Lunar Library archive as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. Astrobotic Pittsburgh lunar logistics HQ for Peregrine and Griffin design, payload integration, and AIT. Terrain Relative Navigation is Astrobotic's camera-based landing sensor, built in-house. Bitcoin Magazine's Genesis Plate flew as cultural cargo on Peregrine Mission One. Celestis flew a memorial service, Luna-02, as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. COLMENA is five picorovers from Mexico's AEM and UNAM LINX, flown on Peregrine Mission One. Dayton T. MoonBox is Astrobotic's commercial service for flying small personal items and time capsules as cargo. Dynetics selected to integrate thrusters, tanks, feed systems into Peregrine propulsion (2018 public selection path). Elysium Space flew a memorial service as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. Lunar Mission One's Footsteps on the Moon flew as cultural cargo on Peregrine Mission One. Frontier Aerospace supplied Peregrine's reaction-control thrusters from the TALOS/DSE family. ACT flew a variable-conductance heat pipe on Peregrine Mission One as an experiment in spacecraft cooling. Iris is a Carnegie Mellon student micro-rover that flew on Peregrine Mission One. LETS is a NASA Johnson radiation sensor flown on Peregrine Mission One. A laser retroreflector array from NASA Goddard. BitMEX flew a Lunar Bitcoin cultural payload as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. Astroscale's Lunar Dream Capsule is a memento capsule flown as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. M-42 is a German DLR radiation detector that flew as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. Puli Space flew a Memory of Mankind ceramic archive as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. MoonArk is a designed cultural object from Carnegie Mellon, flown as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. NIRVSS is a NASA Ames infrared spectrometer flown on Peregrine Mission One. NSS is a NASA Ames neutron detector flown on Peregrine Mission One. Astrobotic's Peregrine avionics and guidance, including the terrain-relative navigation sensor. Astrobotic designed and built the Peregrine lander in Pittsburgh, including structure, avionics integration, and assembly for Mission One and later vehicles. Astrobotic's NASA CLPS delivery of Peregrine Mission One, the lander service that carried NASA and commercial cargo. NASA's TO2-AB delivery award to Astrobotic for Peregrine Mission One, the public package that paid for the landing service. Post-mission report: feed-system vendor selected 2019, terminated early 2022. PITMS is an ion-trap mass spectrometer from NASA Goddard, ESA, and the Open University. Spacebit flew a small technology demonstration as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. ULA's Vulcan Centaur Cert-1 rocket launched Peregrine Mission One. Commercial LTN multi-station network feeding Nova Control Houston for continuous lunar LOS TT&C on Nova-C missions. Intuitive Machines CLPS delivery service for Odysseus / TO2-IM - program seat for the stack. NASA's TO2-IM award to Intuitive Machines paid for the IM-1 Odysseus landing service. Welded metal liner + carbon overwrap helium COPV on Nova-C. Intuitive Machines Lunar Production and Operations Center (Houston Spaceport / Ellington) for Nova lander fabrication and AIT. Intuitive Machines in-house Nova-C avionics and GNC for autonomous landing - core OEM systems engineering claim. Xometry CNC-machined primer-coated titanium spool fittings that bind Odysseus honeycomb panels (IM: hundreds on the vehicle) plus a CNC landing-gear plate. Rock West Composites manufactured multiple configurations of carbon composite struts with bonded titanium fittings for Odysseus (IM-1) - circular. Intuitive Machines in-house Nova-C power subsystem (solar + battery/PCDU class) as part of vertically integrated lander OEM claim. Intuitive Machines in-house Nova-C carbon-composite structure and Houston LPOC AIT for IM-1…IM-6 product line. RFMG is NASA Glenn's radio-frequency mass gauge. Linerless all-composite Type V Pressurmaxx tanks for LOX/LCH4 on Nova-C - public first commercial Type V tanks on the Moon path (IM-1/IM-2). Gimbaled LOX/LCH4 main engine for Nova-C. Intuitive Machines VR900 LOX/LCH4 main engine - in-house additive-chamber path. Chang'e-6 is CNSA/CAST's first farside sample return. Firefly built Blue Ghost's avionics and guidance in-house. Four in-house carbon-composite landing legs with crush-core honeycomb for touchdown energy absorption on Blue Ghost M1. Four propellant tanks and two helium pressurant tanks, carbon-fiber overwrapped. Twelve cold-gas ACS thrusters with Alpha rocket heritage for coast-phase pointing and propellant settling. Two Firefly gimbals pointed X-band antenna and selected payload apertures (LuGRE, LEXI, NGLR) on the top deck. In-house lander battery pack supporting multi-day lunar daylight ops. Footpad contact sensors trigger main-engine shutdown at touchdown - critical soft-landing micro component. Firefly firm-fixed-price CLPS delivery for 10 NASA payloads on Blue Ghost Mission 1 - program seat for the stack. Firefly TO19-D CLPS delivery award (~$93.3M public) for Blue Ghost Mission 1 Mare Crisium science suite. Firefly vertical-integration claim for Blue Ghost power and solar resources supporting payload ops through lunar day. Firefly states RCS thrusters and many non-main-engine propulsion elements built in-house on Blue Ghost (main engine remains Nammo LEROS). Eight in-house Spectre biprop RCS thrusters (~1,600 N total) for orientation and soft-landing assist - distinct from Nammo LEROS main engine. Castheon (ADDMAN) refractory additive manufacturing of Firefly Spectre RCS thruster hardware (C-103-class) for Blue Ghost M1 - process shop under Firefly RCS. Firefly Aerospace Cedar Park TX spacecraft facility for Blue Ghost design, build, cleanroom AIT, and mission ops. The Electrodynamic Dust Shield is a NASA Kennedy experiment on Blue Ghost Mission 1. SpaceX Falcon 9 launched Firefly's Blue Ghost Mission 1. ispace Series 2 Resilience lander OEM delivery for Hakuto-R Mission 2 with TENACIOUS micro-rover stack. Firefly shipped Blue Ghost M1 with 10 NASA payloads to NASA JPL for environmental testing before Cape Canaveral launch campaign. LEROS 4-ET is Nammo UK's bipropellant main engine on Firefly Blue Ghost. Honeybee mechanism path for LISTER heat-flow probe. The Lunar Magnetotelluric Sounder is Southwest Research Institute's instrument on Blue Ghost Mission 1. Honeybee Robotics Lunar PlanetVac pneumatic sample acquisition system on Blue Ghost M1 (PlanetVac product line class). NASA GSFC / ASI / Qascom path: GNSS (GPS+Galileo) in cislunar and on lunar surface on Blue Ghost M1. Honeybee pneumatic regolith collector on Blue Ghost M1. Marotta Controls fill/drain (FDV060) and latching isolation (MV130HLT-L CoRe) valves on Blue Ghost M1 propulsion fluid system - flight debut on soft-landing. NGC Aerospace (Canada) global lunar optical navigation demonstration payload on Blue Ghost Mission 1. Firefly builds the Blue Ghost primary structure in-house at Cedar Park. Qascom built the GNSS receiver hardware for LuGRE. RAC is Aegis Aerospace's dust experiment on Blue Ghost Mission 1. Redwire supplied flight cameras, vision navigation processor, and floodlights for Blue Ghost Mission 1 GNC sensing / landing ops. Redwire cameras and vision navigation flew on Blue Ghost Mission 1. Rocket Lab supplied solar arrays and MAX flight and ground software on Blue Ghost Mission 1. Rocket Lab MAX Flight and MAX Ground data software suites publicly supporting Blue Ghost Mission 1 ops alongside PVA hardware. Rocket Lab high-efficiency photovoltaic assemblies (~400 W class claim) and flight/ground software publicly supporting Firefly Blue Ghost Mission 1. SCALPSS 1.1 is NASA Langley's camera suite on Blue Ghost Mission 1. Swedish Space Corporation ran the ground stations for Blue Ghost Mission 1, the only public ground network named on that flight. Swedish Space Corporation sole ground-station communications provider for Blue Ghost M1 transit and surface ops (Santiago, Hawaii, Australia + partners). Intuitive Machines' CLPS delivery for IM-2 covers the Athena lander and the PRIME-1 ice-drilling suite. SpaceX Falcon 9 is the public launch vehicle path for Intuitive Machines IM-3 Nova-C (CLPS heritage stack). Intuitive Machines Nova-C lander delivery service for CP-11 Reiner Gamma CLPS suite (IM-3). LDES is NASA Johnson's dust sensor. Intuitive Machines Nova-C Trinity lander delivery for IM-3. Chang'e-7 is CNSA's planned south-polar lander. CNSA Chang'e-7 planned south polar comprehensive suite: orbiter, lander, rover, mini-flying hopper for PSRs. Airbus designed and supported qualification of Griffin’s landing system (single-leg drop tests with Astrobotic). In-house LunaRay renderer + terrain-relative navigation / hazard-detection software-hardware stack for Griffin south-pole precision landing. BE-7 is Blue Origin's liquid hydrogen engine for Blue Moon. BE-7 is Blue Origin's liquid hydrogen main engine for Blue Moon MK1. Mission Control Space Services BEACON autonomy stack with Astrobotic CubeRover 2U-class mobility on Griffin-1 VIPER-class path. Blue Moon Mark 1 Endurance is Blue Origin's cargo lander, NASA Moon Base I, aimed at Shackleton Connecting Ridge. Blue Origin builds the Blue Moon MK1 cargo lander in-house, including structure and assembly at Kent and the Florida lunar plant. Blue Origin develops and assembles Blue Moon at Kent, Washington, with the Florida lunar plant and Huntsville propulsion. SpaceX Falcon Heavy is the public launch vehicle for Astrobotic Griffin-1. Venturi Astrolab FLIP tech-demo rover on Griffin-1 maturing FLEX/LTV-relevant mobility, power, and avionics. NanoFiche's Galactic Library is archival media booked as commercial cargo on Griffin-1. Public selection of Agile Space Industries ACS thruster set for Griffin VIPER-era design. Public engine selection for Griffin VIPER-era design. Astrobotic Griffin medium-class lander structure and AIT product line for VIPER-class / TO20-A path. Astrobotic Griffin originally awarded ~$199.5M to deliver NASA VIPER. Program-level CLPS task order for Griffin Mission 1. Astrobotic states Griffin propulsion tubing, cabling, and harnessing primarily manufactured in-house during structural integration. Blue Origin public propulsion production and test in Huntsville, AL (engines/thrusters. ESA LandCam-X lunar landing camera tech demo on Griffin-1 path (OIP Sensor Systems / lunar surface sensor class). NASA JSC Lunar Dust Level Sensor and Effects on Surfaces - measures dust accumulation on Griffin-1 / Moon Base II hardware. A NASA Goddard laser retroreflector booked on Blue Moon MK1, so orbiters can range the lander at the south pole. Two NASA Goddard laser retroreflector arrays on Griffin-1 - tracking/nav fiducials. NASA Marshall's laser mapping demo is booked on Griffin-1. NASA Ames Moon Exploration for Titanium with Active Lighting, partner Interlune. Blue Moon MK1 completed thermal-vacuum testing in NASA Johnson's Chamber. Moon Pi is a compute payload from Stand Up Maths / Matt Parker, booked as cargo on Griffin-1. New Glenn is Blue Origin's heavy rocket for Blue Moon MK1. New Glenn is Blue Origin's heavy rocket for Blue Moon MK1 and the VIPER cargo path. SCALPSS is a NASA Langley camera suite that watches how the lander's plume hits the soil. Soratan is a Nippon Travel Agency time capsule booked as cargo on Griffin-1. Venturi builds the deformable wheels for Astrolab's FLIP rover on Griffin-1. Venturi built a battery enclosure for the FLIP rover on Griffin-1, sized to survive the lunar night. Venturi Astrolab Crewed Lunar Vehicle CLV-1 (FLEX-derived) under NASA Lunar Terrain Vehicle Services Phase 1 High Achievability Mission award (~$219M class). Firefly stacked Blue Ghost on Elytra Dark, with Lunar Pathfinder in the stack, and ran the full assembly through environmental tests at NASA JPL. NASA JPL vibration-tested a full-scale Blue Ghost, Elytra, and Lunar Pathfinder stack for launch loads. NASA's CLPS awards to Firefly cover Blue Ghost Mission 2's surface landing and the Elytra orbital service. NASA CLPS CX-2 task order to Blue Origin Blue Moon Mark 1 to deliver LTV-class mobility to the lunar south pole region (~$188M initial + ~$280.4M option period. NASA's CS-3 task order to Firefly covers Blue Ghost Mission 2's far-side landing and delivery of ESA's Lunar Pathfinder into lunar orbit. Elytra Dark is Firefly's orbital tug on Blue Ghost Mission 2. Firefly's dual payload attach fitting holds Blue Ghost and Lunar Pathfinder on Elytra and separates them in space. SpaceX Falcon 9 tracked as launch path for Firefly Blue Ghost Mission 2 dual stack (NET late 2026). Intuitive Machines Nova-C delivery service for CP-22 Artemis science/tech CLPS suite (IM-4). NASA JPL's User Terminal is an S-band radio on Blue Ghost Mission 2. Lunar Outpost Pegasus crewed LTV (Eagle-derived) under NASA LTVS Phase 1 High Achievability Mission award (~$220M class). ESA/SSTL commercial lunar comms relay deployed with Blue Ghost Mission 2 / Elytra orbital segment. Brookhaven National Laboratory leads LuSEE-Night, a far-side radio astronomy instrument booked on Blue Ghost Mission 2. LuSEE-Night is a low-frequency radio astronomy instrument from Brookhaven, LBNL, and UC Berkeley. Rashid 2 is the UAE's second lunar rover, built by MBRSC. Fleet Space Technologies SPIDER geophysics/seismic instrument commercial rideshare on Blue Ghost Mission 2 far side. NASA JPL UT (radiometer / electromagnetic surface experiment class on CS-3 manifests) for Blue Ghost Mission 2 far-side science stack. Volta Space Technologies LightPort wireless power receiver on Blue Ghost M2 far-side top deck. NASA is buying two crew landers: Blue Origin Blue Moon Mark 2 and SpaceX Starship. SpaceX Hawthorne HQ: HLS systems engineering, NASA interface work, crew/cargo configuration design for Starship HLS. NASA astronauts practiced Starship HLS elevator and airlock work in pressurized EVA suits with Axiom. Ship-to-ship cryogenic propellant transfer is a stated critical technology for Starship HLS. SpaceX Starbase TX (and multi-site) development and AIT path for Starship HLS/cargo architecture under NASA HLS. SpaceX Starship is NASA's contracted human landing system and a heavy cargo lander class. SpaceX builds the Starship HLS docking adapter from the flight-proven Dragon 2 active system, made androgynous so HLS can chase or be chased (Orion on Artemis. SpaceX Updates: fabricating a flight-article Starship HLS cabin with functional avionics and power, crew systems and mechanisms, ECLSS, cabin/crew. Public SpaceX/NASA HLS milestones include full-scale cabin environmental control and life support / thermal control demonstrations (O2/N2 injection, air. Starship HLS guidance, landing software, and sensors are in SpaceX's NASA milestones for a precise lunar landing. NASA HLS Option A firm-fixed-price award to SpaceX for Starship HLS development + uncrewed demo + first crewed landing class. NASA Option B contract modification ~$1.15B for upgraded sustainable Starship HLS and second crewed demo path. Starship HLS is designed to generate power with solar arrays on the surface and in orbit. Public NASA work on large cargo landers includes SpaceX cargo-oriented Starship configurations for Artemis-era logistics. Super Heavy launches Starship HLS / tanker / depot variants from Earth. NASA HLS Option A requires an uncrewed Starship HLS landing demonstration before crewed Artemis landing. Blue Origin CS-7 CLPS-class delivery award (~$190M public) to deliver NASA VIPER to south pole on Blue Moon. NASA CLPS-class task for VIPER rover delivery on Blue Moon after prior Griffin/VIPER cancellation - program award node. New Glenn is Blue Origin's public launch vehicle for the Blue Moon CS-7 VIPER delivery. NASA Ames NSS on VIPER rover for subsurface hydrogen detection up to ~1 m - heritage from Peregrine-class CLPS demos. NASA VIPER polar volatiles rover delivery path on Blue Origin Blue Moon CS-7 after Griffin restructuring. Astrobotic CS-8 Moon Base multi-mission package (~$297.9M public) covering Peregrine M2/M3 class deliveries. NASA's CP-21 suite on Blue Ghost Mission 3 is six named Science payloads at the Gruithuisen Domes. Firefly's Blue Ghost Mission 3 is the CLPS delivery for NASA's CP-21 Gruithuisen Domes suite. Firefly's Blue Ghost Mission 5 is a CS-8 Moon Base delivery. CS-8 award-level NASA science on Blue Ghost Mission 5. NASA's CS-8 Moon Base award to Firefly covers one Blue Ghost-class delivery, Mission 5, at $144.2 million. NASA's CS-8 Moon Base award to Intuitive Machines covers one Nova-C-class delivery, IM-6, at $148.3 million. NASA Moon Base phase award: Astrobotic $297.9M for two Peregrine-class deliveries (M2+M3) - program package,. NASA: MoonFall drones travel aboard Firefly Elytra, which deploys them during descent. Heritage product-line enable: Frontier Aerospace thruster OEM path under Astrobotic Peregrine multi-mission propulsion stack (M1 flown thrusters. Same heritage product-line enable as M2: Frontier thruster OEM under Peregrine multi-mission path. Planetary Science Institute Heimdall four-camera system (descent, workspace, regolith, panoramic) on Blue Ghost M3 / CP-21. Firefly contracted Honeybee Robotics (Blue Origin) for a lunar rover on Blue Ghost Mission 3 Gruithuisen Domes path (public 2025 announcement). Intuitive Machines' IM-6 is a CS-8 Moon Base delivery. NASA LETS radiation spectrometer on Peregrine Mission 2 CS-8 Moon Base package (triad with SCALPSS + LRA). LETS is NASA's radiation sensor booked on Peregrine Mission 3. NASA LETS Linear Energy Transfer Spectrometer on Blue Ghost Mission 5 CS-8 accelerated near-side package. A NASA Goddard laser retroreflector is booked on Blue Ghost Mission 5. A NASA Goddard laser retroreflector is booked on Peregrine Mission 2. A NASA Goddard laser retroreflector is booked on Peregrine Mission 3. Lunar Vulkan Imaging and Spectroscopy Explorer (Lunar-VISE) PRISM-class suite on Blue Ghost M3 / CP-21 Gruithuisen Domes - rover+lander cameras, radiometer. Neutron Measurements at the Lunar Surface (NMLS) thermal/epithermal neutron monitor on Blue Ghost M3 / CP-21 for surface context and remote-sensing calibration. CS-8 award-level NASA science on Peregrine Mission 2. Astrobotic Peregrine delivery under multi-mission CS-8 Moon Base science preview package with NASA. CS-8 award-level NASA science on Peregrine Mission 3. Photovoltaic Investigation on the Lunar Surface (PILS) multi-technology solar array experiment on Blue Ghost M3 / CP-21 for lunar-environment solar performance. Radio wave Observations at the Lunar Surface of the photoElectron Sheath (ROLSES) low-frequency radio spectrometer on Blue Ghost M3 / CP-21 (heritage. Sample Acquisition, Morphology Filtering, and Probing of Lunar Regolith (SAMPLR) - Maxar Technologies robotic arm / sieve-scoop / penetrometer on Blue Ghost M3. SCALPSS is NASA Langley's plume-surface camera suite booked on Blue Ghost Mission 5. SCALPSS is NASA Langley's plume-surface camera suite booked on Peregrine Mission 2. SCALPSS is NASA Langley's plume-surface camera suite booked on Peregrine Mission 3. Firefly's Blue Ghost Mission 4 is the CLPS delivery for NASA's CS-6 suite. CSA lunar rover on Blue Ghost Mission 4 south pole path (NASA-sponsored suite with Firefly dual-rover stack). NASA CS-6 science package on Firefly Blue Ghost M4: dual rovers + LIMS + SCALPSS + LRA to lunar south pole (delivery TO separate). Firefly Elytra Dark transfers Blue Ghost M4 to lunar orbit and remains as long-haul comms relay. University of Bern LIMS in-situ laser ablation ionization mass spectrometer on Blue Ghost M4 for regolith chemical/isotopic composition. NASA GSFC LRA passive laser ranging fiducial on Blue Ghost M4 south pole suite (multi-CLPS product family). Astrobotic MoonRanger autonomous microrover with neutron spectrometer path for hydrogen/volatiles in PSRs on Blue Ghost Mission 4 / CS-6. NASA Langley SCALPSS plume-surface stereo camera suite on Blue Ghost M4 - product-line heritage from IM-1 / BG-M1 flights. Intuitive Machines Nova-D-class lander delivery path for CT-4 CLPS suite (~$180.4M public). Intuitive Machines Nova-D larger cargo-class lander structure/AIT for first CLPS task requiring Nova-D (IM-5 / CT-4 class). Astrobotic provides cargo accommodations on Blue Moon MK2 for large surface payloads (habitats, rovers). Honeybee Robotics (a Blue Origin company) supplies cargo offloading on Blue Moon MK2. Blue Moon Mark 2 crew/cargo lander under NASA SLD: second human landing system provider for recurring Artemis surface expeditions. Boeing supplies the docking system on Blue Moon MK2 (National Team). Draper provides guidance, navigation, and control on Blue Moon MK2. Blue Moon Mark 2 is NASA's second human landing system, awarded to Blue Origin. Lockheed Martin builds the reusable cislunar tug/tanker that refuels Blue Moon MK2 in NRHO. NASA NextSTEP-2 Appendix P Sustaining Lunar Development selection (2023): Blue Origin develops Blue Moon MK2 human landing system as second Artemis HLS. Agile Space Industries was named to build thrusters for ispace-U.S. Draper-led CP-12 CLPS delivery with ispace APEX lander path (~$73M public) - cancelled. NASA Moon Base is a series of robotic landings that deliver science, cargo, and equipment toward a lasting south-polar presence. Advanced Cooling Technologies builds spacecraft heat pipes. The Lee Company markets miniature check, relief, solenoid, shut-off, fill/drain valves, flow restrictors, and safety screen filters for rocket, spacecraft,. VACCO Industries markets thruster valves, latch/isolation valves, regulators, filters, and CubeSat/micro propulsion feed systems for satellite and exploration. MT Aerospace builds spacecraft propellant tanks and pressure vessels in Augsburg. Flights Beresheet 2019-02-22 · SpaceIL / IAI Beresheet - private/national hybrid soft-landing attempt. Chang'e-5 2020-11-23 · CNSA national lunar sample-return (near side). Artemis I 2022-11-16 · First integrated Artemis flight test: uncrewed SLS Block 1 + Orion. Hakuto-R Mission 1 2022-12-11 · Private Japanese lander. Chandrayaan-3 2023-07-14 · ISRO national soft-landing mission near lunar south polar highlands. Luna-25 2023-08-10 · Roscosmos national polar lander (Luna-25). SLIM 2023-09-07 · JAXA SLIM precision soft-landing demo. Peregrine Mission One 2024-01-08 · First CLPS launch. IM-1 Odysseus 2024-02-15 · IM-1 Odysseus (TO2-IM): first commercial soft landing (Feb 2024). Chang'e-6 2024-05-03 · CNSA national far-side lunar sample-return via Queqiao-2 relay. Hakuto-R Mission 2 Resilience 2025-01-15 · Commercial payloads ~$16M. Blue Ghost Mission 1 2025-01-15 · Firefly Blue Ghost Mission 1 (TO19D ~$93.3M): Falcon 9 launch 2025-01-15 · soft landing (upright) Mare Crisium 2025-03-02 · all 10 NASA. IM-2 Athena 2025-02-27 · IM-2 Athena (PRIME-1 path): south polar attempt (Mar 2025). Artemis II 2026-04-01 · First crewed Artemis flight: SLS + Orion lunar flyby. IM-3 Trinity NET H2 2026 · Intuitive Machines IM-3 (CLPS CP-11): Nova-C Trinity - NASA Moon Base III. Chang'e-7 NET August 2026 · CNSA south-pole complex (orbiter, lander, rover, hopper) focused on water-ice and polar environment. Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) NET late 2026 · Astrobotic / Voyager Lunar Systems Griffin Mission One - NASA Moon Base II. Blue Moon MK1 Endurance (Moon Base I) NET fall 2026 · Blue Origin Blue Moon Mark 1 Endurance - NASA Moon Base I. Blue Ghost Mission 2 NET 2027 · Firefly Blue Ghost Mission 2 (CS-3 ~$112M, charter-bg2): planned far-side dual-stack (Blue Ghost stacked on Elytra Dark + ESA Lunar. CX-2 Lunar Terrain Vehicle Delivery NET late 2020s (schedule TBD) · NASA CX-2 CLPS path for Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) delivery architecture (exploration-led). IM-4 NET ~2027 · Six NASA science payloads to Mons Mouton / south polar highlands. Artemis III NET 2027 · First crewed Artemis lunar landing architecture (SLS + Orion + HLS). VIPER on Blue Moon (CS-7) NET late 2027 (contingent) · VIPER polar rover on second Blue Moon MK1 (CS-7). Starship Lunar Cargo (HLS path) NET late 2020s-2030s (HLS path) · SpaceX Starship lunar architecture: NASA HLS crew lander path (Option A/B) plus heavy cargo configurations. Blue Ghost Mission 5 (Moon Base CS-8) NET ~2028 (CS-8 Moon Base) · 2028 Moon Base batch Firefly delivery. IM-6 (Moon Base CS-8) NET ~2028 (CS-8 Moon Base) · 2028 Moon Base batch. Peregrine Mission 3 (Moon Base CS-8) NET ~2028-2029 (CS-8 Moon Base) · Astrobotic Peregrine Mission 3 under NASA Moon Base / CS-8 batch. Peregrine Mission 2 (Moon Base CS-8) NET ~2028 (CS-8 Moon Base) · Astrobotic Peregrine Mission 2 under NASA Moon Base / CS-8 batch (public award packaging). Blue Ghost Mission 3 NET ~2028 · Six NASA science payloads to Gruithuisen Domes. MoonFall NET 2028 · NASA JPL MoonFall - four propulsive hop drones survey the lunar south pole. Artemis IV NET 2028 · National crewed lunar landing architecture after Artemis III. Blue Ghost Mission 4 NET ~2029 · South-pole CLPS with multiple rovers (MoonRanger, CSA path) and instruments. IM-5 Nova-D NET ~2030 class · First cargo-class Nova-D CLPS. Artemis V NET ~2030 class · NASA names Artemis V as the flight that delivers ESA Lunar View to Gateway and flies the third crewed lunar surface expedition. CP-12 Draper / ispace APEX Cancelled · Draper APEX 1.0 far-side CLPS award (CP-12) - cancelled July 2026.