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Science & sensing
Instruments that measure the Moon and nearby space - composition, radiation, dust, heat, fields, and environment.
Cargo A Weizmann Institute magnetometer on Beresheet, built to measure lunar magnetic fields. · Beresheet · 2019-02-22 Returned lunar regolith/rock samples (~1.731 kg public figure class) for science distribution. · Chang'e-5 · 2020-11-23 Visible/near-IR Lunar Mineralogical Spectrometer (LMS) on Chang'e-5 lander for in-situ mineralogy and sampling-site spectral characterization (~0.48-3.2 µm. · Chang'e-5 · 2020-11-23 Chang'e-5 lander Lunar Regolith Penetrating Radar (LRPR) array radar for shallow subsurface structure to support drill/sampling site characterization. · Chang'e-5 · 2020-11-23 Chang'e-5 lander Panoramic Camera (PCAM) for landing-site context imaging supporting sampling operations and site geology documentation. · Chang'e-5 · 2020-11-23 Hong Kong Polytechnic University Surface Sampling and Packing System (Samplers A/B, near-field cameras, sealing/packaging) for multi-point surface regolith. · Chang'e-5 · 2020-11-23 Biology radiation exposure in deep space. · Artemis I · 2022-11-16 Solar particles. · Artemis I · 2022-11-16 Earth-Moon Lagrange. · Artemis I · 2022-11-16 ESA European Service Module powering Orion - propulsion, power, thermal, consumables. · Artemis I · 2022-11-16 Hydrogen mapping near lunar poles. · Artemis I · 2022-11-16 Polar ice prospecting (CubeSat). · Artemis I · 2022-11-16 Lunar water/volatiles IR. · Artemis I · 2022-11-16 Plasma thruster / comms CubeSat demo. · Artemis I · 2022-11-16 Physical Research Laboratory APXS on Pragyan rover for elemental composition. · Chandrayaan-3 · 2023-07-14 ISRO SPL/VSSC ChaSTE thermal probe on Vikram for regolith thermal conductivity / temperature profile. · Chandrayaan-3 · 2023-07-14 ILSA is an ISRO seismometer on the Vikram lander. · Chandrayaan-3 · 2023-07-14 ISRO LEOS Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy on Pragyan for elemental analysis of regolith. · Chandrayaan-3 · 2023-07-14 RAMBHA-LP is an ISRO Langmuir probe on Vikram. · Chandrayaan-3 · 2023-07-14 SHAPE is an ISRO spectro-polarimeter on the Chandrayaan-3 propulsion module. · Chandrayaan-3 · 2023-07-14 ADRON-LR is an IKI neutron and gamma spectrometer that was to hunt polar volatiles on Luna-25. · Luna-25 · 2023-08-10 ARIES-L plasma/exosphere measurement instrument on Luna-25 (IKI suite). · Luna-25 · 2023-08-10 STS-L panoramic and local imaging camera system on Luna-25 lander for surface imaging (IKI suite). · Luna-25 · 2023-08-10 THERMO-L instrument for thermal properties of lunar regolith on Luna-25 (IKI suite). · Luna-25 · 2023-08-10 LASMA-LR laser-ionization mass spectrometer (IKI RAS class) for elemental composition of lunar regolith samples on Luna-25. · Luna-25 · 2023-08-10 PmL instrument for lunar dust and micrometeoroid measurements on Luna-25 (IKI suite). · Luna-25 · 2023-08-10 LIS-TV-RPM is an IKI infrared spectrometer for surface composition on Luna-25. · Luna-25 · 2023-08-10 Broader instrument suite planned. · Luna-25 · 2023-08-10 JAXA Multi-Band Camera on SLIM for mineralogical imaging at high spatial resolution near Shioli crater. · SLIM · 2023-09-07 LETS is a NASA Johnson radiation sensor flown on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 M-42 is a German DLR radiation detector that flew as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 NIRVSS is a NASA Ames infrared spectrometer flown on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 NSS is a NASA Ames neutron detector flown on Peregrine Mission One. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 PITMS is an ion-trap mass spectrometer from NASA Goddard, ESA, and the Open University. · Peregrine Mission One · 2024-01-08 Columbia Sportswear flew its Omni-Heat Infinity insulation on IM-1 to see how the fabric holds heat in the lunar environment. · IM-1 Odysseus · 2024-02-15 ILO-X is a small imaging telescope from the International Lunar Observatory Association. · IM-1 Odysseus · 2024-02-15 ROLSES is a NASA Goddard radio receiver flown on IM-1. · IM-1 Odysseus · 2024-02-15 CNES/IRAP Detection of Outgassing RadoN (DORN) alpha spectrometer on Chang'e-6 far-side lander. · Chang'e-6 · 2024-05-03 Chang'e-6 far-side automated sampling and ascent system for sample return (~2 kg class returned). · Chang'e-6 · 2024-05-03 Hosted international instruments reported on CE-6 stack. · Chang'e-6 · 2024-05-03 ESA-funded NILS (Negative Ions at the Lunar Surface) built by Swedish IRF. · Chang'e-6 · 2024-05-03 Boston University LEXI - wide-FOV soft X-ray imaging of Earth's magnetosheath from lunar surface. · Blue Ghost Mission 1 · 2025-01-15 Honeybee mechanism path for LISTER heat-flow probe. · Blue Ghost Mission 1 · 2025-01-15 SwRI Lunar Magnetotelluric Sounder on BG-M1 - conductivity vs depth at Mare Crisium. · Blue Ghost Mission 1 · 2025-01-15 National Central University in Taiwan flew a radiation probe on Hakuto-R M2 to measure deep-space dose. · Hakuto-R Mission 2 Resilience · 2025-01-15 University of Maryland next-gen cube-corner retroreflector for Earth-Moon laser ranging on BG-M1. · Blue Ghost Mission 1 · 2025-01-15 Montana State University RadPC tech demo - fault mitigation on commercial FPGA + dosimeters. · Blue Ghost Mission 1 · 2025-01-15 Takasago flew a water electrolyzer on Hakuto-R M2 to split water into hydrogen and oxygen on the Moon. · Hakuto-R Mission 2 Resilience · 2025-01-15 Commercial residual-gas analyzer core modified by NASA KSC for PRIME-1 volatile analysis. · IM-2 Athena · 2025-02-27 MiniPIX is a radiation camera from ADVACAM. · IM-2 Athena · 2025-02-27 NASA Lunar Trailblazer lunar-ice orbiter launched as independent rideshare on IM-2 Falcon 9 stack. · IM-2 Athena · 2025-02-27 Puli Space Technologies neutron spectrometer (PLWS) flew on Intuitive Machines Micro-Nova hopper Grace during IM-2. · IM-2 Athena · 2025-02-27 NASA JSC LDES on IM-3 Trinity - dust accumulation on lander/surface systems at Reiner Gamma (second public LDES flight after Griffin). · IM-3 Trinity · NET H2 2026 Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute LUSEM space environment monitor on IM-3 CP-11 path. · IM-3 Trinity · NET H2 2026 Johns Hopkins APL Lunar Vertex (LVx) magnetic anomaly / Reiner Gamma science suite on IM-3 CP-11. · IM-3 Trinity · NET H2 2026 Lunar Outpost MAPP-variant rover in the NASA Lunar Vertex (LVx) PRISM suite on IM-3 - hosts APL magnetometer and Canadensys rover multispectral microscope at. · IM-3 Trinity · NET H2 2026 Canadensys Aerospace Rover Multispectral Microscope on the Lunar Vertex MAPP rover images Reiner Gamma swirl surface properties at grain scale. · IM-3 Trinity · NET H2 2026 SwRI MAPS combined ion and electron spectrometer on the Lunar Vertex lander measures solar-wind plasma that reaches the surface inside the Reiner Gamma. · IM-3 Trinity · NET H2 2026 MoonLIGHT is ESA's next laser retroreflector. · IM-3 Trinity · NET H2 2026 International instruments on Chang'e-7 (CNSA: Egypt, Bahrain, Italy, Russia, Switzerland, Thailand, ILOA - six instruments). · Chang'e-7 · NET August 2026 CNSA Chang'e-7 polar orbiter segment of multi-element south pole suite (orbiter + lander + rover + hopper + relay class). · Chang'e-7 · NET August 2026 CNSA Chang'e-7 planned south polar comprehensive suite: orbiter, lander, rover, mini-flying hopper for PSRs. · Chang'e-7 · NET August 2026 IKI RAS PmL-Ch7 suite on the Chang'e-7 lander: piezoelectric dust-impact sensors plus a Langmuir probe for local plasma density and temperature in. · Chang'e-7 · NET August 2026 ILOA + HKU Laboratory for Space Research wide-field optical telescope on the Chang'e-7 lander for Milky Way / galactic-plane imaging from the lunar south pole. · Chang'e-7 · NET August 2026 Langmuir probe in IKI's PmL-Ch7 suite measures local plasma density and temperature on the Chang'e-7 lander. · Chang'e-7 · NET August 2026 Egypt (EgSA) and Bahrain (NSSA) co-develop the LunaHcam hyperspectral camera on the Chang'e-7 orbiter to image and analyse lunar surface materials,. · Chang'e-7 · NET August 2026 NARIT + Mahidol MATCH hodoscope on the Chang'e-7 orbiter measures solar/cosmic protons, alphas, and electrons (space weather / lunar albedo ions) - Thailand's. · Chang'e-7 · NET August 2026 Moon-based two-channel Earth radiation spectrometer on Chang'e-7 orbiter (Swiss-Chinese cooperation. · Chang'e-7 · NET August 2026 NASA JSC dust-accumulation sensor on Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) - how lunar dust piles on spacecraft and surface systems. · Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) · NET late 2026 NASA Ames METAL (with Interlune) on Griffin-1 - study helium-3 abundance in lunar regolith. · Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) · NET late 2026 Maps lunar minerals and volatiles from a Lunar Terrain Vehicle. · CX-2 Lunar Terrain Vehicle Delivery · NET late 2020s (schedule TBD) MAG is a NASA Goddard fluxgate magnetometer booked on IM-4. · IM-4 · NET ~2027 Lunar Compact Infrared Imaging System (L-CIRiS) multispectral imaging radiometer (CU Boulder LASP / Paul Hayne) on IM-4 / CP-22 for temperature and mineral. · IM-4 · NET ~2027 Intuitive Machines lunar relay / Near Space Network services path for multi-mission lunar comms enable. · IM-4 · NET ~2027 Active-passive microwave spectrometer for subsurface structure and ice prospecting from a Lunar Terrain Vehicle. · CX-2 Lunar Terrain Vehicle Delivery · NET late 2020s (schedule TBD) LuSEE-Night is a low-frequency radio astronomy instrument from Brookhaven, LBNL, and UC Berkeley. · Blue Ghost Mission 2 · NET 2027 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory telescopes enable Firefly Ocula lunar imaging on Elytra residual life after BG-M2 CLPS phases. · Blue Ghost Mission 2 · NET 2027 Fleet Space Technologies SPIDER geophysics/seismic instrument commercial rideshare on Blue Ghost Mission 2 far side. · Blue Ghost Mission 2 · NET 2027 Surface and Exosphere Alterations by Landers (SEAL) molecular/gas detector for landing plume contamination and regolith alteration on IM-4 / CP-22. · IM-4 · NET ~2027 Characterize volatiles in the near-surface environment after touchdown (and drill cuttings when paired with ISRU tools). · VIPER on Blue Moon (CS-7) · NET late 2027 (contingent) Observe near-IR light from lunar soil/cuttings to identify composition and volatile-bearing materials (VIPER-heritage instrument family). · VIPER on Blue Moon (CS-7) · NET late 2027 (contingent) Detect subsurface hydrogen (ice proxy) via neutron spectroscopy on VIPER. · VIPER on Blue Moon (CS-7) · NET late 2027 (contingent) Planetary Science Institute Heimdall four-camera system (descent, workspace, regolith, panoramic) on Blue Ghost M3 / CP-21. · Blue Ghost Mission 3 · NET ~2028 Measure charged-particle radiation (linear energy transfer) at the surface to characterize the lunar radiation environment for crew and electronics. · IM-6 (Moon Base CS-8) · NET ~2028 (CS-8 Moon Base) Measure charged-particle radiation (linear energy transfer) at the surface to characterize the lunar radiation environment for crew and electronics. · Blue Ghost Mission 5 (Moon Base CS-8) · NET ~2028 (CS-8 Moon Base) Measure charged-particle radiation (linear energy transfer) at the surface to characterize the lunar radiation environment for crew and electronics. · Peregrine Mission 2 (Moon Base CS-8) · NET ~2028 (CS-8 Moon Base) Measure charged-particle radiation (linear energy transfer) at the surface to characterize the lunar radiation environment for crew and electronics. · Peregrine Mission 3 (Moon Base CS-8) · NET ~2028-2029 (CS-8 Moon Base) Firefly Ocula lunar imaging service path using multi-Elytra Dark constellation after BG-M2/M3/M4 deployments. · Blue Ghost Mission 3 · NET ~2028 Four JPL propulsive hop drones deployed by Firefly Elytra during descent. · MoonFall · NET 2028 Neutron Measurements at the Lunar Surface (NMLS) thermal/epithermal neutron monitor on Blue Ghost M3 / CP-21 for surface context and remote-sensing calibration. · Blue Ghost Mission 3 · NET ~2028 Radio wave Observations at the Lunar Surface of the photoElectron Sheath (ROLSES) low-frequency radio spectrometer on Blue Ghost M3 / CP-21 (heritage. · Blue Ghost Mission 3 · NET ~2028 ESA Lunar I-Hab rides Artemis IV with Orion to Gateway. · Artemis IV · NET 2028 In-situ laser ablation ionization mass spectrometry of lunar materials (composition / chemistry). · Blue Ghost Mission 4 · NET ~2029 Autonomous microrover measurement for polar hydrogen mapping (neutron spectrometer path). · Blue Ghost Mission 4 · NET ~2029 Multi-detector radiation dosimetry suite for the surface radiation environment (international contribution). · IM-5 Nova-D · NET ~2030 class Characterize volatiles in the near-surface environment after touchdown (and drill cuttings when paired with ISRU tools). · IM-5 Nova-D · NET ~2030 class Nanosensor suite carried on Australian Roo-ver for multi-parameter environmental sensing. · IM-5 Nova-D · NET ~2030 class Observe near-IR light from lunar soil/cuttings to identify composition and volatile-bearing materials (VIPER-heritage instrument family). · IM-5 Nova-D · NET ~2030 class NASA JPL Farside Seismic Suite planned for CP-12 Draper/ispace path (mission cancelled. · CP-12 Draper / ispace APEX · Cancelled Astronaut-deployed dielectric analyzer to map how lunar regolith carries an electric field - a path to polar volatiles and frost or ice. Astronaut-deployed plant-growth experiment for photosynthesis, growth, and stress in lunar radiation and partial gravity. Suitcase-class seismometer suite for south-polar moonquake and impact monitoring. Southwest Research Institute LITMS heat-flow / thermal instrument planned for CP-12 (host cancelled). · CP-12 Draper / ispace APEX · Cancelled UC Berkeley LuSEE-Lite radio experiment planned for CP-12 farside path (host cancelled. · CP-12 Draper / ispace APEX · Cancelled Compact imaging spectrometer selected July 2025 with the LTV instrument set, for a future lunar orbital flight. Jobs A Weizmann Institute magnetometer on Beresheet, built to measure lunar magnetic fields. Returned lunar regolith/rock samples (~1.731 kg public figure class) for science distribution. Visible/near-IR Lunar Mineralogical Spectrometer (LMS) on Chang'e-5 lander for in-situ mineralogy and sampling-site spectral characterization (~0.48-3.2 µm. Chang'e-5 lander Lunar Regolith Penetrating Radar (LRPR) array radar for shallow subsurface structure to support drill/sampling site characterization. Hong Kong Polytechnic University Surface Sampling and Packing System (Samplers A/B, near-field cameras, sealing/packaging) for multi-point surface regolith. Kirkhill rubber insulation path on Orion Launch Abort System critical areas (same NASA CA multi-source as SLS booster insulation). Textron Systems makes the Avcoat heat shield that protects Orion on Earth return. Kirkhill manufactures erosion-resistant rubber insulation applied at critical areas on SLS solid rocket boosters and the launch abort system (NASA CA Artemis. Hi-Temp Insulation listed on NASA ESD Suppliers Map for SLS - thermal insulation manufacturing lab under the exploration industrial network. Rubbercraft makes seals and ablatives for launch and space. APXS is the Physical Research Laboratory's alpha particle X-ray spectrometer. ISRO SPL/VSSC ChaSTE thermal probe on Vikram for regolith thermal conductivity / temperature profile. ILSA is an ISRO seismometer on the Vikram lander. ISRO LEOS Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy on Pragyan for elemental analysis of regolith. RAMBHA-LP is an ISRO Langmuir probe on Vikram. SHAPE is an ISRO spectro-polarimeter on the Chandrayaan-3 propulsion module. ADRON-LR is an IKI neutron and gamma spectrometer that was to hunt polar volatiles on Luna-25. ARIES-L plasma/exosphere measurement instrument on Luna-25 (IKI suite). LASMA-LR laser-ionization mass spectrometer (IKI RAS class) for elemental composition of lunar regolith samples on Luna-25. LIS-TV-RPM is an IKI infrared spectrometer for surface composition on Luna-25. Roscosmos / IKI Luna-25 planned surface science suite shell - instruments separately where public. PmL instrument for lunar dust and micrometeoroid measurements on Luna-25 (IKI suite). THERMO-L instrument for thermal properties of lunar regolith on Luna-25 (IKI suite). ACT flew a variable-conductance heat pipe on Peregrine Mission One as an experiment in spacecraft cooling. LETS is a NASA Johnson radiation sensor flown on Peregrine Mission One. M-42 is a German DLR radiation detector that flew as commercial cargo on Peregrine Mission One. NIRVSS is a NASA Ames infrared spectrometer flown on Peregrine Mission One. NSS is a NASA Ames neutron detector flown on Peregrine Mission One. PITMS is an ion-trap mass spectrometer from NASA Goddard, ESA, and the Open University. Columbia Sportswear flew its Omni-Heat Infinity insulation on IM-1 to see how the fabric holds heat in the lunar environment. ILO-X is a small imaging telescope from the International Lunar Observatory Association. ROLSES is a NASA Goddard radio receiver flown on IM-1. CNES/IRAP Detection of Outgassing RadoN (DORN) alpha spectrometer on Chang'e-6 far-side lander. ESA-funded NILS (Negative Ions at the Lunar Surface) built by Swedish IRF. Boston University LEXI - wide-FOV soft X-ray imaging of Earth's magnetosheath from lunar surface. Honeybee mechanism path for LISTER heat-flow probe. The Lunar Magnetotelluric Sounder is Southwest Research Institute's instrument on Blue Ghost Mission 1. National Central University in Taiwan flew a radiation probe on Hakuto-R M2 to measure deep-space dose. University of Maryland next-gen cube-corner retroreflector for Earth-Moon laser ranging on BG-M1. Montana State University RadPC tech demo - fault mitigation on commercial FPGA + dosimeters. Takasago flew a water electrolyzer on Hakuto-R M2 to split water into hydrogen and oxygen on the Moon. MiniPIX is a radiation camera from ADVACAM. MSolo uses an INFICON residual-gas analyzer core, modified by NASA Kennedy. Puli Space Technologies neutron spectrometer (PLWS) flew on Intuitive Machines Micro-Nova hopper Grace during IM-2. LDES is NASA Johnson's dust sensor. Johns Hopkins APL Lunar Vertex (LVx) magnetic anomaly / Reiner Gamma science suite on IM-3 CP-11. Lunar Outpost MAPP-variant rover is the mobility element of NASA’s Lunar Vertex PRISM suite on IM-3. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute LUSEM space environment monitor on IM-3 CP-11 path. Canadensys Aerospace Rover Multispectral Microscope on the Lunar Vertex MAPP rover. Southwest Research Institute Magnetic Anomaly Plasma Spectrometer on the Lunar Vertex lander at Reiner Gamma. International instruments on Chang'e-7 (CNSA: Egypt, Bahrain, Italy, Russia, Switzerland, Thailand, ILOA - six instruments). NARIT and Mahidol University MATCH hodoscope on the Chang'e-7 orbiter - Thailand's first hardware beyond Earth orbit. IKI RAS PmL-Ch7 on the Chang'e-7 lander: piezoelectric dust sensors plus a Langmuir probe for plasma density/temperature. Langmuir probe in IKI's PmL-Ch7 suite measures plasma density and temperature on the Chang'e-7 lander. Moon-based two-channel Earth radiation spectrometer on Chang'e-7 orbiter (Swiss-Chinese cooperation. NASA JSC Lunar Dust Level Sensor and Effects on Surfaces - measures dust accumulation on Griffin-1 / Moon Base II hardware. Blue Moon MK1 completed thermal-vacuum testing in NASA Johnson's Chamber. Arizona State University instrument selected July 2025 for integration onto a NASA Lunar Terrain Vehicle. Two identical ~400 kg-class spacecraft. NASA's CP-22 suite on IM-4 at Mons Mouton is six named Science payloads. Lunar Compact Infrared Imaging System (L-CIRiS) multispectral imaging radiometer (CU Boulder LASP / Paul Hayne) on IM-4 / CP-22 for temperature and mineral. Selected July 2025 for integration onto a NASA Lunar Terrain Vehicle. Lunar Explorer Instrument for space biology Applications (LEIA) - NASA Ames yeast-cell radiation biology payload on IM-4 / CP-22 Mons Mouton. LBNL builds LuSEE-Night deployable monopole antenna subsystem for Dark Ages radio science on BG-M2. Brookhaven National Laboratory leads LuSEE-Night, a far-side radio astronomy instrument booked on Blue Ghost Mission 2. UC Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory science/PI path for LuSEE-Night (Stuart Bale NASA PI class public). LuSEE-Night is a low-frequency radio astronomy instrument from Brookhaven, LBNL, and UC Berkeley. MAG is a NASA Goddard fluxgate magnetometer booked on IM-4. Surface and Exosphere Alterations by Landers (SEAL) molecular/gas detector for landing plume contamination and regolith alteration on IM-4 / CP-22. Fleet Space Technologies SPIDER geophysics/seismic instrument commercial rideshare on Blue Ghost Mission 2 far side. NASA JPL UT (radiometer / electromagnetic surface experiment class on CS-3 manifests) for Blue Ghost Mission 2 far-side science stack. Paragon Space Development is on Axiom's xEVAS team for AxEMU life-support and thermal control (PLSS-class). KBR is on Axiom's xEVAS team. SpaceX Updates: fabricating a flight-article Starship HLS cabin with functional avionics and power, crew systems and mechanisms, ECLSS, cabin/crew. Public SpaceX/NASA HLS milestones include full-scale cabin environmental control and life support / thermal control demonstrations (O2/N2 injection, air. MSolo mass spectrometer on VIPER for volatile analysis of TRIDENT cuttings - heritage with IM-2 PRIME-1 / INFICON core path. NASA Ames NIRVSS on VIPER to characterize drill cuttings for water/hydroxyl and mineral ices after TRIDENT samples. NASA Ames NSS on VIPER rover for subsurface hydrogen detection up to ~1 m - heritage from Peregrine-class CLPS demos. NASA's CP-21 suite on Blue Ghost Mission 3 is six named Science payloads at the Gruithuisen Domes. CS-8 award-level NASA science on Blue Ghost Mission 5. CS-8 award-level NASA science on IM-6. NASA LETS Linear Energy Transfer Spectrometer on IM-6 / CS-8 Moon Base package (triad with SCALPSS + LRA on each CS-8 delivery). NASA LETS radiation spectrometer on Peregrine Mission 2 CS-8 Moon Base package (triad with SCALPSS + LRA). LETS is NASA's radiation sensor booked on Peregrine Mission 3. NASA LETS Linear Energy Transfer Spectrometer on Blue Ghost Mission 5 CS-8 accelerated near-side package. Lunar Vulkan Imaging and Spectroscopy Explorer (Lunar-VISE) PRISM-class suite on Blue Ghost M3 / CP-21 Gruithuisen Domes - rover+lander cameras, radiometer. Four JPL propulsive hop drones. Neutron Measurements at the Lunar Surface (NMLS) thermal/epithermal neutron monitor on Blue Ghost M3 / CP-21 for surface context and remote-sensing calibration. CS-8 award-level NASA science on Peregrine Mission 2. CS-8 award-level NASA science on Peregrine Mission 3. Radio wave Observations at the Lunar Surface of the photoElectron Sheath (ROLSES) low-frequency radio spectrometer on Blue Ghost M3 / CP-21 (heritage. JAXA supplies Lunar I-Hab environmental control and life support, thermal-control functions, cameras, and batteries (also batteries for HALO). CSA lunar rover on Blue Ghost Mission 4 south pole path (NASA-sponsored suite with Firefly dual-rover stack). University of Bern LIMS in-situ laser ablation ionization mass spectrometer on Blue Ghost M4 for regolith chemical/isotopic composition. Astrobotic MoonRanger autonomous microrover with neutron spectrometer path for hydrogen/volatiles in PSRs on Blue Ghost Mission 4 / CS-6. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute LVRaD multi-detector radiation suite on IM-5 CT-4. MSolo is NASA Kennedy's mass spectrometer booked on IM-5. NIRVSS is NASA Ames' volatiles spectrometer booked on IM-5. NASA JPL Farside Seismic Suite planned for CP-12 Draper/ispace path (mission cancelled. University of Tokyo / JAXA dielectric analyzer selected March 2024 for Artemis astronaut deployment. Space Lab Technologies plant-growth experiment selected March 2024 for Artemis astronaut deployment. NASA Goddard / UMBC suitcase-class seismometer suite for south-polar moonquake and impact monitoring. Southwest Research Institute LITMS heat-flow / thermal instrument planned for CP-12 (host cancelled). UC Berkeley LuSEE-Lite radio experiment planned for CP-12 farside path (host cancelled. IABG's Ottobrunn Space Centre runs thermal-vacuum, vibration, acoustic, and EMC tests for space hardware. Advanced Cooling Technologies builds spacecraft heat pipes. Flights Beresheet 2019-02-22 · SpaceIL / IAI Beresheet - private/national hybrid soft-landing attempt. Chang'e-5 2020-11-23 · CNSA national lunar sample-return (near side). Artemis I 2022-11-16 · First integrated Artemis flight test: uncrewed SLS Block 1 + Orion. Chandrayaan-3 2023-07-14 · ISRO national soft-landing mission near lunar south polar highlands. Luna-25 2023-08-10 · Roscosmos national polar lander (Luna-25). SLIM 2023-09-07 · JAXA SLIM precision soft-landing demo. Peregrine Mission One 2024-01-08 · First CLPS launch. IM-1 Odysseus 2024-02-15 · IM-1 Odysseus (TO2-IM): first commercial soft landing (Feb 2024). Chang'e-6 2024-05-03 · CNSA national far-side lunar sample-return via Queqiao-2 relay. Hakuto-R Mission 2 Resilience 2025-01-15 · Commercial payloads ~$16M. Blue Ghost Mission 1 2025-01-15 · Firefly Blue Ghost Mission 1 (TO19D ~$93.3M): Falcon 9 launch 2025-01-15 · soft landing (upright) Mare Crisium 2025-03-02 · all 10 NASA. IM-2 Athena 2025-02-27 · IM-2 Athena (PRIME-1 path): south polar attempt (Mar 2025). Artemis II 2026-04-01 · First crewed Artemis flight: SLS + Orion lunar flyby. IM-3 Trinity NET H2 2026 · Intuitive Machines IM-3 (CLPS CP-11): Nova-C Trinity - NASA Moon Base III. Chang'e-7 NET August 2026 · CNSA south-pole complex (orbiter, lander, rover, hopper) focused on water-ice and polar environment. Griffin-1 (Moon Base II) NET late 2026 · Astrobotic / Voyager Lunar Systems Griffin Mission One - NASA Moon Base II. Blue Moon MK1 Endurance (Moon Base I) NET fall 2026 · Blue Origin Blue Moon Mark 1 Endurance - NASA Moon Base I. CAPSTONE 02 NET 2027 · NASA CAPSTONE 02 - two identical ~400 kg-class smallsats (Terran Orbital bus. Blue Ghost Mission 2 NET 2027 · Firefly Blue Ghost Mission 2 (CS-3 ~$112M, charter-bg2): planned far-side dual-stack (Blue Ghost stacked on Elytra Dark + ESA Lunar. CX-2 Lunar Terrain Vehicle Delivery NET late 2020s (schedule TBD) · NASA CX-2 CLPS path for Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) delivery architecture (exploration-led). IM-4 NET ~2027 · Six NASA science payloads to Mons Mouton / south polar highlands. Artemis III NET 2027 · First crewed Artemis lunar landing architecture (SLS + Orion + HLS). VIPER on Blue Moon (CS-7) NET late 2027 (contingent) · VIPER polar rover on second Blue Moon MK1 (CS-7). Starship Lunar Cargo (HLS path) NET late 2020s-2030s (HLS path) · SpaceX Starship lunar architecture: NASA HLS crew lander path (Option A/B) plus heavy cargo configurations. Blue Ghost Mission 5 (Moon Base CS-8) NET ~2028 (CS-8 Moon Base) · 2028 Moon Base batch Firefly delivery. IM-6 (Moon Base CS-8) NET ~2028 (CS-8 Moon Base) · 2028 Moon Base batch. Peregrine Mission 3 (Moon Base CS-8) NET ~2028-2029 (CS-8 Moon Base) · Astrobotic Peregrine Mission 3 under NASA Moon Base / CS-8 batch. Peregrine Mission 2 (Moon Base CS-8) NET ~2028 (CS-8 Moon Base) · Astrobotic Peregrine Mission 2 under NASA Moon Base / CS-8 batch (public award packaging). Blue Ghost Mission 3 NET ~2028 · Six NASA science payloads to Gruithuisen Domes. MoonFall NET 2028 · NASA JPL MoonFall - four propulsive hop drones survey the lunar south pole. Artemis IV NET 2028 · National crewed lunar landing architecture after Artemis III. Blue Ghost Mission 4 NET ~2029 · South-pole CLPS with multiple rovers (MoonRanger, CSA path) and instruments. IM-5 Nova-D NET ~2030 class · First cargo-class Nova-D CLPS. Artemis V NET ~2030 class · NASA names Artemis V as the flight that delivers ESA Lunar View to Gateway and flies the third crewed lunar surface expedition. CP-12 Draper / ispace APEX Cancelled · Draper APEX 1.0 far-side CLPS award (CP-12) - cancelled July 2026.